rabbit anti-ty1 antibodies (Millipore)
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Rabbit Anti Ty1 Antibodies, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "The PfAlba1 RNA-binding protein is an important regulator of translational timing in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages"
Article Title: The PfAlba1 RNA-binding protein is an important regulator of translational timing in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages
Journal: Genome Biology
doi: 10.1186/s13059-015-0771-5
Figure Legend Snippet: C-terminally tagged PfAlba1-Ty1 was successfully expressed from an episome in P. falciparum asexual blood stages. a The transfection and maintenance of the pPfAlba1-Ty1C plasmid was confirmed by PCR of genomic DNA. Primer pairs targeted endogenous ALBA1 ( p1+p2 ; see Additional file for primer sequences), the ALBA1-TY1 locus on the episome ( p3+p4 and p5+p6 ), and the unrelated ALBA4 genomic locus ( A4F+R ), in either untransfected 3D7 parasites or parasites harboring the empty vector or pPfAlba1-Ty1C. The scheme ( top panel ) is not drawn to scale; UTR = untranslated region. The leftmost lane ( bottom panel ) represents the size marker, GeneRuler 1 kb Plus DNA Ladder (Fermentas, Life Technologies). b PfAlba1-Ty1 was detected in protein lysates prepared from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 parasites by denaturing gel electrophoresis and western blotting with mouse anti-Ty1 antibodies or anti-PfAlba1 antibodies. PfAldolase served as a loading control. c Immunofluorescence assays were used to determine the localization of PfAlba1-Ty1 in trophozoite ( T ) and schizont ( S ) stages of PfAlba1-Ty1 parasites. Empty vector transfectants served as a negative control. Antibodies used included mouse anti-Ty1 ( green ) or anti-PfAlba1 ( red ). Nuclei were labeled with DAPI ( blue ). Scale bar represents 1 μM
Techniques Used: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Marker, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Negative Control, Labeling
Figure Legend Snippet: PfAlba1 overexpression reduces intra-erythrocytic growth of P. falciparum . a Protein lysates prepared from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 transfectants grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of blasticidin-S ( BS ; 2.5–20 μg/ml) were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and analyzed by western blotting with mouse anti-Ty1 antibodies, anti-PfAlba1 antibodies, or anti-PfAlba4 antibodies. PfAldolase served as a loading control. b The levels of PfAlba1-Ty1, as detected by the anti-Ty1 antibodies in ( a ), were measured by densitometry. For each BS concentration, after normalizing the PfAlba1-Ty1 signal to the PfAldolase signal, data were normalized to the 2.5 μg/ml sample. Data represent the means of a minimum of three independent experiments ± standard error (S.E.; error bars ). c The growth of empty vector ( left panel ) or PfAlba1-Ty1 ( right panel ) parasites was measured by flow cytometry for 5 days in the presence of the indicated concentrations of BS (in μg/ml). The y-axis denotes the percentage parasitemia at each time point. Data represent the means of a minimum of three independent experiments ± S.E. ( error bars ). d The ~48 h IDC of empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 transfectants was monitored by flow cytometry. The y-axis denotes the percentage of ring stages at each time point. The vertical dashed line represents one replication cycle. Data represent the means of three independent experiments ± S.E. ( error bars )
Techniques Used: Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, Flow Cytometry
Figure Legend Snippet: In trophozoite stages, a PfAlba1-Ty1 ribonucleoprotein complex interacts with 1665 transcripts. a Schematic representation of the RNA immunoprecipitation protocol. Native lysates prepared from PfAlba1-Ty1 parasites were incubated with rabbit anti-Ty1 antibodies in the presence of protease and RNAse inhibitors to immunoprecipitate (IP) a PfAlba1-Ty1-containing ribonucleoprotein complex. The IPed RNA molecules were identified by strand-specific RNA-seq. RNA IPed from empty vector parasites served as background binding. b Lysates (10 % of the input used for immunoprecipitation) or proteins IPed with anti-Ty1 antibodies from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 transfectants were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and analyzed by western blotting with mouse anti-Ty1 antibodies or anti-PfAlba1 antibodies. PfAldolase served as a loading control. The contrasted image clearly shows the presence of PfAlba1 in the anti-PfAlba1-Ty1 co-IPed complex. c A Gaussian density kernel estimate of the distribution of gene ranks according to mRNA abundance of the 1665 transcripts that co-IPed with the PfAlba1-Ty1 complex. The y-axis represents relative density and the x-axis represents gene expression ranks, with 0 being least expressed. d Fourier phase distribution of the normalized RNA-seq data of the 1665 co-IPed transcripts. Top panel : P. falciparum IDC transcriptomic data were obtained from Bozdech et al . , where the authors provide a convenient metric, the Fourier phase, to define the hours post-infection ( HPI ) at which each gene is most abundantly transcribed. Bottom panel : a Gaussian density kernel estimate of the distribution of Fourier phase values of the 1665 transcripts that co-IPed with PfAlba1-Ty1 as sampled from Bozdech et al .
Techniques Used: Immunoprecipitation, Incubation, RNA Sequencing Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Binding Assay, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Western Blot, Expressing, Infection
Figure Legend Snippet: PfAlba1 overexpression perturbs the trophozoite stage transcriptome, resulting in the early onset of a schizont-like transcription profile. a Schematic representation of the transcriptomic profiling experiment. 3D7, 3D7+empty vector, or 3D7+PfAlba1-Ty1 parasites were grown in white blood cell ( WBC )-free blood to ring (8–10 h post-infection (h p.i.)) or trophozoite (28–30 h p.i.) stages, and RNA harvested and mRNA enriched and analyzed by strand-specific RNA-seq. Differential expression in 3D7+PfAlba1-Ty1 relative to 3D7 and empty vector transfectants was quantified by edgeR . b qRT-PCR analysis of the indicated genes was performed using total RNA isolated from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 transfectants. The left , middle and right panels include genes that were upregulated, unchanged, or downregulated, respectively, according to RNA-seq. The y-axis denotes -ΔΔC t , calculated as in “Materials and methods”. Data represent the means of a minimum of three independent experiments ± standard error ( error bars ). c Hours post-infection ( HPI ) estimates for the transcriptomic data were obtained by passing the normalized RNA-seq data through the maximum likelihood algorithm developed by Lemieux et al . . The left panel shows the HPI estimates within 95 % confidence intervals, while the right panel displays the actual likelihoods determined for each sample over the 48 h IDC. d Giemsa-stained blood films showing ring ( R ), trophozoite ( T ) or schizont ( S ) stages of empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 transfectants. Insets show zoomed-in views of the indicated infected red blood cells
Techniques Used: Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Infection, RNA Sequencing Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Isolation, Staining
Figure Legend Snippet: Eleven percent of the transcripts deregulated in PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoites directly bind to PfAlba1, with binding resulting in the translational repression of select components of the erythrocyte invasion machinery. a Venn diagrams were used to represent the overlap of transcripts identified in the co-IPed ( co-IP ; Additional file ), in vitro -bound ( In Vitro ; Additional file ), and differentially regulated ( Exp. ; Additional file ) datasets. b Pie chart showing the functionally over-represented categories in the 105 PfAlba1-bound and deregulated transcripts. c Bootstrap hierarchical clustering was used to partition 14 transcripts upregulated in PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoites based on their binding (log (fold change); blue shading) to PfAlba1-Ty1 ( co-IP ) and GST-PfAlba1 ( In Vitro ). The numbers in the boxes are the bootstrap scores. The resulting clusters were PfAlba1-bound ( upper cluster ) and PfAlba1-unbound (lower cluster). d Top panel : qRT-PCR analysis of the indicated genes was performed using mRNA isolated from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoites. The y-axis denotes -ΔΔCt, calculated as in “Materials and methods”. Data represent the means of a minimum of three independent experiments ± standard error ( error bars ). Bottom panel : protein lysates prepared from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoites were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies. Lysates prepared from either 3D7 rings ( R ctrl ) or schizonts ( S ctrl ) served as a control for protein detection, except for PfFIKK7.1. ** = Exceptions to the observed correlation between PfAlba1-RNA binding and translational repression
Techniques Used: Binding Assay, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, In Vitro, Quantitative RT-PCR, Isolation, Plasmid Preparation, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Western Blot, RNA Binding Assay
Figure Legend Snippet: Translationally repressed transcripts associate with a PfAlba1 complex in trophozoites and are subsequently released in schizonts for efficient translation. a Schematic representation of the experimental setup. Native lysates prepared from PfAlba1-Ty1 parasites at the trophozoite (28–32 h) or schizont (42–45 h) stage were incubated with rabbit anti-Ty1 antibodies in the presence of protease and RNAse inhibitors to IP a PfAlba1-Ty1-containing ribonucleoprotein complex. IPed RNAs were extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR. Finally, RNA association was compared with the presence of the corresponding protein in whole cell lysates. goi = gene of interest. b Lysates (20 % of the input used for immunoprecipitation) or proteins IPed with anti-Ty1 antibodies from PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoite ( T ) or schizont ( S ) stages were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and analyzed by western blotting with mouse anti-Ty1 antibodies or anti-PfAlba1 antibodies. PfAldolase served as a control. c Left panel : IPed RNA from PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoite or schizont lysates was analyzed by qRT-PCR with primers specific to the indicated genes. The y-axis of the bar graph denotes percentage enrichment, calculated as in “Materials and methods”. Data represent the means of a minimum of three independent experiments ± standard error ( error bars ). ** = The AMA1 transcript binds to PfAlba1 in trophozoite stages. Fold change of PfAlba1 association from trophozoites to schizonts, i.e. , T/S, was calculated as in “Materials and methods”. * = The association of PfAlba1 and Clag9 mRNA does not decrease from trophozoites to schizonts. Right panel : protein lysates prepared from empty vector or PfAlba1-Ty1 trophozoites ( T ) and schizonts ( S ) were separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis and analyzed by western blotting with the indicated antibodies
Techniques Used: Incubation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Immunoprecipitation, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis, Western Blot, Plasmid Preparation
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falciparum blood stages Article Snippet: The resulting parasite pellet was lysed under non-denaturing conditions in the presence of RNAsin (Promega) and subjected to immunoprecipitation analysis with rabbit anti-Ty1 antibodies or |
